PINES
People In Need of Environmental Safety
Documents
The following PDF files contain excerpts from the complete set of EPA documents contained in these EPA web site links:
Pines Ground Water Plume Site Management Survey
and,
Pines Remedial Invesitgation/Feasibility Study Work Plan.
These excerpts contain information that we consider to be clarifying, understandable, and to be an introduction to the full set of documents.
Maps
PDF File 3.3 Meg
Map of Coal Combustion Waste locations in the Town of Pines
Coal Combustion Waste (CCW) was dumped at the Yard 520 Landfill and was also used throughout the town as fill. This map identifies the known locations of CCW. Compare this map to the Maps of Boron and Molybdenum groundwater contamination.
PDF File 2.5 Meg
Map of Boron contamination in the Town of Pines
Coal Combustion Waste (CCW) that was dumped at the Yard 520 Landfill and throughout the town is leaching Boron into the groundwater.
PDF File 2.5 Meg
Map of Molybdenum contamination in the Town of Pines
Coal Combustion Waste (CCW) that was dumped at the Yard 520 Landfill and throughout the town is leaching Molybdenum into the groundwater.
PDF File 5.3 Meg
Proposed Natural Background Sample Locations
To distinguish between natural soil, and soil that is contaminated by flyash, chemical tests of uncontaminated soil are performed. These uncontaminated soils are called the "Natural Backbround." As this map shows, all of the proposed background samples are to be taken from locations close to known flyash deposits. Of the 23 proposed background sample locations, all are less than half a mile from reported flyash deposits and most are within a few hundred feet. It is very likely that flyash blown from trucks, and groundwater leached from buried flyash, has contaminated most of the background sample locations.
Administrative Order of Consent
PDF File 4.3 Meg
Administrative Order of Consent
This Consent Order is issued under the authority vested in the President of the United States by the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA). ... The objectives of U.S. EPA, NIPSCO and Brown are to determine the nature and extent of contamination at the Site and any threat to the public health, welfare, or the environment caused by the release of hazardous substances related to Coal Combustion By-products (CCB).
Comments on the Following Documents From PINES' Hydrogeologist
PDF File 0.1 Meg
Geo-Hydro's comments on the following Pines Area of Investigation Planning Documents
On behalf of People In Need of Environmental Safety (PINES), Geo-Hydro, Inc. has reviewed the planning documentation that was prepared by the Respondents on the Pines Area of Investigation. The purpose of this review was to identify improtant issues contained in the documents that should be highlighted and explained to PINES, and through PINES, to the general public. First, it may increase the understanding of these documents and the RI process they describe. Second, it may promote discussion among the public, Regulators and Respondents. Third, it may provide a context within which ongoing investigations and reports can be reconciled.
Site Management Documents
PDF File 0.5 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 1 - Introduction
This document is the introduction to the Site Management Strategy. The Site Management Strategy is the first major submittal for the Remedial Investigation / Feasibility Study.
PDF File 11.5 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 1 - Preliminary Conceptual Model
A Conceptual Model describes the geology, hydrogeology, land use, topography, surface water, ecological habitats, what the contaminants are and how they can move.
PDF File 3.5 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 2 - Appendix B
These six maps from Appendix B describe the geology and hydrogeology of the area.
PDF File 2.4 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 2 - Appendix C
Four drawings from Appendix C of vertical and cross section of the Yard 520 Dump.
PDF File 0.5 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 2 - Appendix D
This document contains a timeline of events of the Yard 520 Landfill from 1966 to 2003.
PDF File 0.5 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 2 - Appendix F
This document contains a summary of information about where coal combustion waste was buried.
PDF File 0.5 Meg
Site Management Strategy Volume 2 - Appendix L
This lab report from 1982 warns of high levels of arsenic.
Statement of Work
PDF File 3.0 Meg
This Statement of Work (SOW) as part of the Administrative Order on Consent for Remedial Investigation / Feasibility Study, Pines Site (AOC II), sets forth the requirements for conducting a Remedial Investigation (RI) and Feasibility Study (FS) at the Pines Site in the Town of Pines, Indiana.
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study
PDF File 0.2 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 1 Workplan Section 4 - Overview
The Work Plan has been prepared as seven volumes, each of which addresses a different
aspect of the work to be performed, and which together provide the comprehensive approach and
specific details for conducting the RI/FS for the Area of Investigation. The volumes are listed below:
Volume 1 - Work Plan Overview
Volume 2 - Field Sampling Plan (FSP)
Volume 3 - Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP)
Volume 4 - Health and Safety Plan (HASP)
Volume 5 - Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) Work Plan
Volume 6 - Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) Work Plan
Volume 7 - Quality Management Plan (QMP)
PDF File 0.4 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 2 - Field Sampling Plan (FSP)
The purpose of the Field Sampling Plan is to collect data to characterize, for the purpose of developing remedial alternatives, the following:
1) Whether the water service extension installed is sufficiently protective of current and reasonable future drinking water use of groundwater in accordance with Federal, State, and local requirements;
2) Whether there are significant human health risks in the Area of Investigation associated
with exposure to CCBs; and
3) Whether CCB-derived constituents may be causing unacceptable risks to ecological
receptors.
4) To determine and evaluate alternatives for remedial action to prevent, mitigate, control or
eliminate risks posed by any release or threatened release of constituents related to CCBs at
or from the Area of Investigation.
PDF File 0.5 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 2 Field Sampling Plan (FSP) - Appendix A
Appendix A of the Field Sampling Plan is the ENSR Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). Parts 1 and 2 contain 246 pages of detailed instructions on surface water and sediment sampling, soil sampling, groundwater sampling, well construction, packaging, decontamination and other operations. This sample excerpt is the 5-page section that details the procedure on water level measurements that are used to determine gradient and direction of groundwater flow.
The following maps illustrate where Field Sampling will take place.
PDF 0.5 Meg Figure 1-4 Yard 520 Monitoring Locations
PDF 4.1 Meg Figure 2-4 and 2-5 Water Monitoring Locations
PDF 2.7 Meg Figure 2-7 and 2-8 Sediment and Ecological Monitoring Locations
PDF 5.3 Meg Figure 2-11 USGS Wells
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 3 - Quality Assurance Project Plan (QAPP) is not available on the EPA web site, and
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 4 - Health and Safety Plan (HASP) is also not available on the EPA web site.
PDF File 0.4 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 5 - Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA)
This document is the Main Text of the Human Health Risk Assessment. According to the SOW, "Respondents shall conduct a human health risk assessment that focuses on the evaluation of current and future risks to persons coming into contact with on-site hazardous substances or constituents." The HHRA evaluates that human risk.
PDF File 0.1 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 5 Figure 4
Figure 4 is a flow chart titled, "Conceptual Site Model for Human Health Risk Assessment." This is a drawing that shows pathways for contamination to enter the body of a resident, a child, a fisher or construction worker.
PDF File 0.1 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 5 Figure 5
Figure 5 presents the method for comparing the background concentrations with the Area of Investigation concentrations.
PDF File 0.1 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 5 Appendix A
Appendix A is compilation of tables that list screening levels. Constituents with detected concentrations below established background levels and/or human health risk-based screening levels will not be identified as Constituents of Potential Concern (COPCs).
PDF File 0.3 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 5 Appendix B
Bioavailability is a measure of how much of a constituent may be absorbed upon exposure. Not all arsenic contacted will actually be absorbed. The value of this method is debated in the following Geo-Hydro document.
PDF File 0.1 Meg
Geo-Hydro's Comments on the Arsenic Bioavailability Report
The purpose of the bioavailability study was to evaluate the relative amount of arsenic that may be absorbed into the system of juvenile swine upon ingestion of Coal Combustion Byproducts (CCB). By extension, the study may be viewed as reason to allow using a reduced estimate of arsenic bioavailability (allowing higher total arsenic concentrations) in the human health risk assessment than would be used under standard procedures.
PDF File 0.4 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 6 - Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA)
This document is the Main Text of the Ecological Risk Assessment. The Ecological Risk Assessment will evaluate the potential for ecological risk posed by coal combustion by-product (CCB)-
derived constituents in the Pines Area of Investigation. This issue is of particular importance as part of the Pines Area of Investigation includes the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore.
PDF File 0.1 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study Volume 6 Figure 2-3
Figure 2-3 is a flow chart titled, "Conceptual Site Model for Ecolgical Risk Assessment." This is a drawing that shows how contamination can enter wild plants and animals.
PDF File 2.1 Meg
Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study - Yard 520
Sampling and Analysis Plan
This document is the Main Text of the Yard 520
Sampling and Analysis Plan. The sampling activities proposed in this sampling plan are intended to confirm whether or not
PCDDs/PCDFs, radionuclides, and PAHs are present in the CCBs in the Pines Area of Investigation.
Dioxins and Radionuclides
The following links provide some general information on PCDDs/PCDFs, radionuclides, and PAHs.
PCDDs/PCDFs and Other Dioxins According to the World Health Organization
Radionuclides in Drinking Water According to the US EPA
PAHs According to the Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry
Microscopy Photographs of Soil Samples
More on Coal Combustion Waste and Landfills
Documents Prior to Discovery by Residents
Documents from the Remedial Investigation
